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Distribution of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants
Šilhánková, Lenka ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with a trending topic – wastewater distribution of pharmaceuticals proven to be toxic to non-target organisms – specifically, the occurrence of beta-blockers, plentifully used in treating hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, is discussed. Members of this group, Atenolol, Acebutolol and Bisoprolol were chosen for closer study. The elimination of these chemicals was observed in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) with different treatment technologies and various number of population equivalents. For said analytes, UHPLC with UV/VIS detection using diode array detector (DAD) method was optimalised. A part of this thesis also deals with optimalization of isolation and concentrating the analytes. Unfortunately, the described method was not suitable for real sample analysis, because in most samples, the limit of quantification or even the limit of detection was not exceeded. It would be best for an analytical method with higher sensitivity, e. g. mass detector, to be used. The data gained in this experiment do not hold any informational value about the effectiveness of WWTP, as the exact amount of Acebutolol in effluent was measured only in one case. Based on the to-date executed analysis, it is impossible to conclude whether the quality of the treated water, concerning the content of aforementioned pharmaceuticals, is in any way ideal.
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The water flow simulation in the cesspit
Šrámková, Dagmar ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis consists of two parts, part research and part attachments. The first section describes the literary problems of today's way of cleaning wastewater from small producers and characteristics of wastewater. The work is focused on the aspect of nature and all of these methods are directed towards this direction. The literary section is devoted to anaerobic environment, which is just one of the natural ways of treatment of waste water, in our case in a septic tank. The second part of the thesis deals with modeling of flow and behavior of sludge and water mixture in the cesspit septic tank sludge with variable densities and flow speeds. Modeling and calculations are made using COMSOL Multhiphysics. The conclusion is then summarized findings from the flow cesspit septic tank with the results and the assessment of whether a septic tank still has its place among the modern methods of wastewater treatment.
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Determination of linear synthetic aromatic compounds in abiotic and biotic matrices
Tulková, Tereza ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic musk compounds are artificial organic compounds with a smell similar to the odor of a natural musk. The most recently discovered and also the least known group of artificial musks is linear musk compounds. These substances are now often used in cosmetics, personal care products, detergents and various cleaning products. They have leaked into all the major environment components, especially into the hydrosphere. There has been great attention drawn to synthetic musk compounds in the last few years because of their environmental impact. The aim of this thesis is to identify twelve linear musk compounds (linalool, 2-cyclohexylethanol, fresco menthe, citronellol, HSA, isobornyl acetate, arocet, aroflorone, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, lilial, isoamyl salicylate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde) in waste water samples. The samples were taken at three different waste water treatment plants (WWTP) in South Moravian region (WWTP Brno-Modřice, WWTP Luhačovice and WWTP Hodonín). Each of these treatment plants has a different equivalent number of inhabitants. At first, a working method was optimized, then applied on real waste water samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used for the extraction of analytes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was then used for identification and quantificaton of the studied compounds.
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Modification of laboratory waste water containing lead
Mončeková, Miroslava ; Kábelová, Božena (referee) ; Pilátová, Ivana (advisor)
The Bachelor Thesis deals with the treatment of laboratory waste water containing lead. The thesis examines the lead and its compounds in waste water from an inorganic laboratory and tries to find a suitable way of stating the lead concentration and its follow-up reduction. The advantages and disadvantages of various substances used in precipitation of lead in waste water are considered. In conclusion the thesis emphasizes the economic effectiveness of the treatment of liquid waste into a solid waste.
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Solutions and variability of vertical filters
Roupec, Ladislav ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with innovative technical solution of vertical trickle filter systems, which are categorized into the category of natural ways thow to clean water. The actual vertical filters for root cleaners are currently experiencing a boom thanks to the MPO project with the working title Biostream, within which are vertical root systems tested on root cleaner in the village of Kotenčice (involved in pilot conditions). The results show an increased removal of ammonia nitrogen and high efficiency in the elimination of organic pollution BSK5 and CHSKCr. However, the practice may in the future require even higher efficiency that can be solved by small technical innovations and modifications. In connection with the forced aeration of vertical filters is elaborated the methodological part of the thesis, the final result of the work is several regression equations using which it is possible to determine the input of oxygen into the system at a given input parameters (filter size, water flow, air flow, etc.). The results are very useful for a scientific branch because there is not so much available literature for this topic.
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Energy self-sufficiency of small sewage treatment plant
Leksa, František ; Pěcha, Jiří (referee) ; Ptáček, Michal (advisor)
The thesis presents basic information from the area of small wastewater treatment plants. It also deals with the theoretical description of the solar radiation issue and describes the modeling of the photovoltaic cell and the selected type of battery. On the basis of the theoretical knowledge obtained, a model of the system representing the cooperation of the wastewater treatment plant with other energy sources is proposed. The model is created in PSCAD system and its function is verified in several operating scenarios. Depending on this, the work evaluates the achievements of individual operating scenarios that demonstrate different energy requirements for the system as a whole.
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Methods for separation of ammonia from waste water
Zendulka, Štěpán ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The main concern of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of methods for ammonia separation from wastewater that have been discovered so far. The elementary differentiation is based on technological principle – biological and physical-chemical. Also, the thesis examines all methods from the „conventional or progressive“ point of view, which shows if the method is commonly used or is still in an experimental set up. Furthermore the focus is on classification of methods on „eliminating ammonia“ or „recovering ammonia“. This is closely connected to the economical aspects of each method which is also one of concerns of this thesis. Some of the methods are described with further details as there has been a recent progress and upgrading of these methods. It is air stripping and membrane methods. More attention is also provided to bioelectrochemical systems as it is proclaimed as one of the most suitable candidates for usage in the future. Last part of this work compares selected methods in terms of the ammonia elminiation or recovery efficiency and also power demand.
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Concept of wastewater solution for village Třebešov
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Water is the essential building block of life on the planet Earth. Its importance was overlooked in the past and quality of water in surface watercourses noticeably dicreased. It is an important fact, that according to the principles of sustainable development water became treated more economically and the water, wich people use, started to be cleaned properly before discharging back into the nature. One possible method is using of vertical sand natural filters. The Bachelor thesis deals with a possible solution of treatment wetlands for the village Třebešov. In this village there is located only an united sewer and therefore a water reservoir for rain water will be part of the design. In this water tank the rain water diluted with sewage will be cleaned through floating island technology.
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Study of rehabilitation of the selected part of the sewer network
Novák, Tomáš ; Malaník,, Stanislav (referee) ; Raclavský, Jaroslav (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a rehabilitation study of the sewer network on Vídeňská street in the city of Brno. The first part of the thesis includes an accompanying review including basic data about the sewage gutter, including the characteristics of the affected area with a detailed description of the geological and hydrogeological rates. This is followed by a technical review, which consists of hydrotechnical calculations and overal summary of the construction-technical condition. The subject of the following part is a proposal and description of several varying solutions for the rehabilitation, including, particularly, trenchless technologies. Further on, all of the proposed variants are evaluated based on technical, economical and environmental impact. Finally, all the observations are summarized and a final recommendation for the way of solving the rehabilitation is carried out.
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Hydraulic optimization of horizontal sand catcher
Kulička, Rostislav ; Šálek,, Jan (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This work is focused on the development control system flow area in a standardized horizontal sand trap in the Czech Republic used the majority of constructed wetlands for the capture of solid mineral particles. The goal is the development and validation functions of the flow regulator, providing more uniform process of establishment of mineral particles, respectively. reduction of sedimentation of organic components. The actual design precedes the mathematical description through the HEC-RAS, the results are applied in the design of a laboratory model. Work processes theoretically the standardized sand traps, focuses on the comparison of the required residence time of wastewater in the sedimentation area of establishment with the sedimentation time of sand grain on the selected diameter of 0.8 mm. In laboratory conditions were carried out build sand trap model itself, as well as developed a regulatory element. After resolving structural measurements were taken and compared the results with the ideal state. For putting the controller into practice, when an application is planned at the constructed wetlands in Dražovice village, it will have to the most accurate setting of the regulator.
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